Trackademia

Welcome to Trackademia

The idea behind Trackademia is to build on existing academic databases like Google Scholar and OpenAlex so that you can trust the data and use it for whatever you want. That comes down to two things.

More data, and more ways to use it. We aggregate publication data from every major source into a single dataset and add information pulled from faculty CVs. Then we let you slice it however you want: choose which sources to build from, write your own formulas, weight journals, adjust for department size.

More accurate, and honest about where it isn’t. We focus on a smaller set of schools so we can verify everything carefully. Faculty lists come from department websites rather than being inferred from publication records, so we know who should be in the data before we go looking. When we can’t find data on someone, we record the gap instead of dropping them. Every number comes with a coverage rate you can check against ground truth.

Everything in Trackademia is built from seven units. AI merges duplicate records across sources and tags each publication so these categories hold up:

  • Publication — citation counts, authors, journal, peer review status, and more
  • Publication group — versions of the same work combined into one entity, such as a working paper and the article it became
  • Academic
  • Department
  • University
  • Field
  • Journal

There are two modes. In Database mode you browse the underlying records and filter by any of the seven units. In Analytics mode you get graphs and comparisons, and you switch views to compare two departments, compare one department against the average of the others, or see them all at once. Tabs let you focus on a particular level of the data.

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Academic

James M. Snyder, Jr.

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Academic

RankDistinguished
As of2023 · CV
DepartmentHarvard Government
UniversityHarvard
FieldPolitical Science
Scholarprofile

Totals

Publications142
Citations27,734
h-index80 · Scholar
Citations per year in post676.4
Years in post41 from the CV positions

Coverage

Works with a count133 of 142
Share94%

Positions

Visiting Research Scholar, Bocconi University2023–2023
Visiting Research Professor, University of Bo…2019–2019
Visiting Research Scholar, London School of E…2017–2017
Visiting Research Scholar, Bocconi University2016–2016
Leroy B. Williams Professor of History and Po…2013–
Professor of Government, Harvard University2010–
Arthur and Ruth Sloan Professor of Political…2001–2010
Professor of Economics, Massachusetts Institu…2001–2010
and 5 more

Top venues 47 venues

The 8 holding the most of these works; 39 more hold at least one.

American Journal of Political Science17
Quarterly Journal of Political Science11
The Journal of Politics11
American Political Science Review10
Legislative Studies Quarterly9
Journal of Public Economics7
Public Choice5
DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Techno…4

Publications per year

Works this academic published in each year, by the year each work appeared; an undated work is in no year, and a work two colleagues wrote counts for each of them. The kind, works and year filters decide which works are here at all.

Citations per year

Citations received in each year, from this academic’s verified Scholar profile, which counts every citation to everything they ever wrote: no publication filter reaches this line - not the kinds, not the works switch, not the year window on publication - and no journal weight either. It is a profile total, so it does not match the works listed below.

Publications 142 works

Every work these filters select, most cited first and the works with no count at the end: a work nobody has a figure for is unknown, never a zero to be ranked among the works that have one, and it prints an em dash. Each figure is that work’s own citations - Scholar’s count where there is one, else OpenAlex’s - and is not weighted.

YearTitleVenueKindCitations
2003Why Is There So Little Money in U.S. Politics?The Journal of Economic Perspectivesarticle2,080
2010Press Coverage and Political AccountabilityJournal of Political Economyarticle1,366
2001Candidate Positioning in U.S. House ElectionsAmerican Journal of Political Sciencearticle1,273
2008The Strength of Issues: Using Multiple Measures to Gauge Preference Stability, Ideological Constraint, and Issue VotingAmerican Political Science Reviewarticle1,160
1996Buying SupermajoritiesAmerican Political Science Reviewarticle805
2001Estimating Party Influence on Congressional Roll Call Voting: Regression Coefficients vs. Classification SuccessAmerican Journal of Political Sciencearticle790
1995Political Parties and the Distribution of Federal OutlaysAmerican Journal of Political Sciencearticle778
2002An Informational Rationale for Political PartiesAmerican Journal of Political Sciencearticle754
1997The Impact of Federal Spending on House Election OutcomesJournal of Political Economyarticle727
2015On the Validity of the Regression Discontinuity Design for Estimating Electoral Effects: New Evidence from Over 40,000 Close RacesAmerican Journal of Political Sciencearticle688
2002The Incumbency Advantage in U.S. Elections: An Analysis of State and Federal Offices, 1942-2000Election Law Journal Rules Politics and Policyarticle669
2000Old Voters, New Voters, and the Personal Vote: Using Redistricting to Estimate the Incumbency AdvantageAmerican Journal of Political Sciencearticle667
1990Campaign Contributions as Investments: The U.S. House of Representatives 1980-1986Journal of Political Economyarticle666
1997Linear Probability Models of the Demand for Attributes with an Empirical Application to Estimating the Preferences of LegislatorsThe RAND Journal of Economicsarticle632
2000Valence Politics and Equilibrium in Spatial Election ModelsPublic Choicearticle615
1999Comparing Interest Group Scores across Time and Chambers: Adjusted ADA Scores for the U.S. CongressAmerican Political Science Reviewarticle560
2011Partisan Bias in Economic News: Evidence on the Agenda-Setting Behaviour of U.S. NewspapersJournal of Public Economicsarticle536
1989Election Goals and the Allocation of Campaign ResourcesEconometricaarticle519
2006Party Control of State Government and the Distribution of Public ExpendituresDSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)article494
2011Newspaper Coverage of Political ScandalsThe Journal of Politicsarticle447
1992Long-Term Investing in Politicians, or Give Early, Give OftenThe Journal of Law and Economicsarticle447
2001The Effects of Party and Preferences on Congressional Roll Call VotingLegislative Studies Quarterlyarticle435
2006Purple AmericaThe Journal of Economic Perspectivesarticle424
2002Are PAC Contributions and Lobbying Linked? New Evidence from the 1995 Lobby Disclosure ActBusiness and Politicsarticle418
1991On Buying LegislatorsEconomics and Politicsarticle381
2003Equal Votes, Equal Money: Court Ordered Redistricting and the Distribution of Public Expenditures in the American StatesAmerican Political Science Reviewarticle346
1994An Empirical Investigation of the Dynamics of PAC ContributionsAmerican Journal of Political Sciencearticle332
2006Legislative Effectiveness and Legislative CareersLegislative Studies Quarterlyarticle322
2020Publicizing Malfeasance: How Local Media Facilitates Electoral Sanctioning of Mayors in MexicoThe Economic Journalarticle291
2010Primary Competition and Partisan Polarization in the U.S. CongressQuarterly Journal of Political Sciencearticle287
2005Legislative Bargaining Under Weighted VotingAmerican Economic Reviewarticle276
2005Voting Weights and Formateur Advantages in Coalition Formation: Evidence from Parliamentary Coalitions, 1946 to 2002American Journal of Political Sciencearticle263
1992Artificial Extremism in Interest Group RatingsLegislative Studies Quarterlyarticle260
2011Patronage and Elections in U.S. StatesAmerican Political Science Reviewarticle206
2015The Judge, the Politician, and the Press: Newspaper Coverage and Criminal Sentencing.American Economic Journal Applied Economicsarticle205
1994Comparing Committee and Floor PreferencesLegislative Studies Quarterlyarticle199
2007Television and the Incumbency AdvantageLegislative Studies Quarterlyarticle192
2008The End of Inequality: One Person, One Vote and the Reshaping of American PoliticsW.W. Norton eBooksbook180
2006The Orientation of Newspaper Endorsements in U.S. Elections, 1940-2002Quarterly Journal of Political Sciencearticle179
2019Primary Elections in the United StatesCambridge University Press eBooksbook172
2003Bargaining in Bicameral Legislatures: When and Why Does Malapportionment Matter?American Political Science Reviewarticle168
2007The Decline of Third-Party Voting in the United StatesThe Journal of Politicsarticle154
2015State legislative election returns (1967-2015)article150
2004Using Term Limits to Estimate Incumbency Advantages When Office Holders Retire StrategicallyDSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)article145
2004Did Firms Profit From Soft Money?Election Law Journal Rules Politics and Policyarticle140
1992Committee Power, Structure-Induced Equilibria, and Roll Call VotingAmerican Journal of Political Sciencearticle138
2007The Incumbency Advantage in U.S. Primary Elections.Electoral Studiesarticle132
2003Roll Calls, Party Labels, and ElectionsPolitical Analysisarticle130
2008Distributive Politics and the Law of 1/nThe Journal of Politicsarticle128
2013Testing the Swing Voter Hypothesis Using Federal Spending in the U.S. StatesBritish Journal of Political Sciencearticle126
2014Primary Elections and the Quality of Elected OfficialsQuarterly Journal of Political Sciencearticle125
2000Soft Money, Hard Money, Strong Parties,Columbia Law Reviewarticle124
2009Using Multi-Member-District Elections to Estimate the Sources of the Incumbency AdvantageAmerican Journal of Political Sciencearticle121
2017Do Judges’ Characteristics Matter? Ethnicity, Gender, and Partisanship in Texas State Trial CourtsAmerican Law and Economics Reviewarticle120
2010Party Strength and State Government SpendingAmerican Journal of Political Sciencearticle120
2013The Control of Politicians in Normal Times and Times of Crisis: Wealth Accumulation by U.S. Congressmen, 1850-1880Quarterly Journal of Political Sciencearticle118
2011Electoral Selection with Parties and PrimariesAmerican Journal of Political Sciencearticle118
1999Money and Institutional Power,Texas law reviewarticle117
2012Gubernatorial Midterm SlumpsAmerican Journal of Political Sciencearticle116
2013Elections and Reform: The Adoption of Civil Service Systems in the U.S. States.Journal of Theoretical Politicsarticle114
2018Leveling the playing field: How equalizing access to campaign advertising helps locally non-dominant parties in consolidating democraciesJournal of the European Economic Associationarticle107
1988Fairness, Self-Interest, and the Politics of the Progressive Income TaxJournal of Public Economicsarticle106
2000Estimating Party Influence on Congressional Roll-Call VotingAmerican Political Science Reviewarticle104
2000Political and Economic Determinants of Government Spending on Social Protection Programsarticle102
1993The Market for Campaign Contributions: Evidence for the U.S. Senate 1980-1986Economics and Politicsarticle97
2015Is More Information Always Better? Party Cues and Candidate Quality in U.S. Judicial ElectionsJournal of Public Economicsarticle96
2008Interest Groups and the Electoral Control of PoliticiansJournal of Public Economicsarticle90
2005Unrepresentative Information: The Case of Newspaper Reporting on Campaign FinanceDSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)article89
2000Majority-rule Bargaining and the Under Provision of Public Investment GoodsJournal of Public Economicsarticle89
2015Voter Learning in State Primary ElectionsAmerican Journal of Political Sciencearticle88
2015How Much of the Incumbency Advantage Is Due to Scare-OffPolitical Science Research and Methodsarticle88
2010More Democracy: The Effect of the Direct Primary on Competition in U.S. Elections.Studies in American Political Developmentarticle88
2012What Happens to Incumbents in Scandals?Quarterly Journal of Political Sciencearticle85
2015A Gubernatorial Helping Hand? How Governors Affect Presidential ElectionsThe Journal of Politicsarticle84
2005Why Roll Calls? A Model of Position-Taking in Legislative Voting and ElectionsThe Journal of Law Economics and Organizationarticle80
1994Safe Seats, Marginal Seats, and Party Platforms: The Logic of Platform DifferentiationEconomics and Politicsarticle80
2016Newspaper Market Structure and Behavior: Partisan Coverage of Political Scandals in the U.S. from 1870 to 1910The Journal of Politicsarticle76
1996Constituency Preferences: California Ballot Propositions, 1974-1990Legislative Studies Quarterlyarticle76
1996Equilibrium and Efficiency in an Organized Vote MarketPublic Choicearticle75
2025Unpacking Social CapitalThe Economic Journalarticle68
2009Distributive Politics with PrimariesThe Journal of Politicsarticle66
2016Challenger Quality and the Incumbency AdvantageLegislative Studies Quarterlyarticle63
2015Assessing the External Validity of Election RD Estimates: An Investigation of the Incumbency AdvantageThe Journal of Politicsarticle60
2017Party Polarization in Legislatures with Office-Motivated CandidatesThe Quarterly Journal of Economicsarticle59
1993Are Rents Fully Dissipated?Public Choicearticle59
2015Information and Wasted Votes: A Study of U.S. Primary ElectionsQuarterly Journal of Political Sciencearticle57
2018How Newspapers Reveal Political PowerPolitical Science Research and Methodsarticle55
2006Party and Incumbency Cues in Voting: Are They Substitutes?Quarterly Journal of Political Sciencearticle55
2000Campaign Warchests in Congressional ElectionsBusiness and Politicsarticle49
2011Is Private Campaign Finance a Good Thing? Estimates of the Potential Information BenefitsQuarterly Journal of Political Sciencearticle46
2024Parsing Party Polarization in CongressQuarterly Journal of Political Sciencearticle45
2012When Parties Are Not Teams: Platform Choice in Single Member District and Proportional Representation SystemsEconomic Theoryarticle44
2013The Effects of Redistricting on IncumbentsElection Law Journal Rules Politics and Policyarticle41
2015Partisan Imbalance in Regression Discontinuity Studies Based on Electoral ThresholdsPolitical Science Research and Methodsarticle37
2000Vote Buying, Supermajorities, and Flooded CoalitionsAmerican Political Science Reviewarticle35
2018The Arsenal of Democracy: Production and Politics During WWIIJournal of Public Economicsarticle34
2005Reapportionment and Party Realignment in the American StatesUniversity of Pennsylvania Law Reviewarticle34
2009Two’s Company, Three’s an Equilibrium: Strategic Voting and Multicandidate ElectionsQuarterly Journal of Political Sciencearticle30
2021What Shapes the Quality and Behavior of Government Officials? Institutional Variation in Selection and Retention MethodsAnnual Review of Economicsarticle28
2010Measuring Media Influence on U.S. State Courtsarticle28
2008State Legislative Elections, 1967-2003: Announcing the Completion of Cleaned and Newly Extended Data SetsState Politics & Policy Quarterlyarticle28
2007Do Multi-Member Districts Lead to Free-Riding?Legislative Studies Quarterlyarticle28
1992Gatekeeping or Not, Sample Selection in the Roll Call Agenda Matters, reply to a comment by Howard RosenthalAmerican Journal of Political Sciencearticle28
1990Resource Allocation in Multiparty ElectionsAmerican Journal of Political Sciencearticle28
1996Interest Group Politics Under Majority RuleJournal of Public Economicsarticle25
2002Interpreting the Coefficient of Party Influence: Comment on KrehbielPolitical Analysisarticle24
2018Primary Elections and the Provision of Public GoodsThe Journal of Politicsarticle23
2000Campaign War Chests and Congressional Elections,Business and Politicsarticle23
2015The Balanced U.S. PressNational Bureau of Economic Researcharticle17
2001Party Labels, Roll-Call Votes, and ElectionsPolitical Analysisarticle17
1989Political Geography and Interest Group PowerSocial Choice and Welfarearticle17
2014POLITICAL ADVERTISING IN CONSOLIDATING DEMOCRACIES: RADIO ADS, CLIENTELISM, AND POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT IN MEXICOarticle15
2011Weak TeaBoston Reviewarticle15
2024Cast Vote Records: A Database of Ballots from the 2020 U.S. ElectionScientific Dataarticle12
2024Measuring the Partisan Behavior of U.S. Newspapers, 1880 to 1980The Journal of Economic Historyarticle11
2025How Partisan are U.S. Local Elections? Evidence from 2020 Cast Vote Records.American Political Science Reviewarticle10
2005Estimating the Distribution of Voter Preferences Using Partially Aggregated Voting Dataarticle10
2022The Growth of Campaign Advertising in the U.S., 1880 to 1930The Journal of Politicsarticle9
2021Dyadic Representation in the South and Non-South: The Case of ProhibitionThe Journal of Politicsarticle9
2006Issue Preferences and Measurement Errorarticle8
2024Who Runs for Congress? A Study of State Legislators and Congressional PolarizationQuarterly Journal of Political Sciencearticle7
2005Why did a majority of californians vote to limit their own powerDSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)article6
2025The Revealed Demand for Hard vs. Soft News: Evidence from Italian TV News ViewershipThe Journal of Politicsarticle4
2012Elections and Government Accountability: Evidence from the U.S. State CourtsNational Bureau of Economic Researcharticle4
1993Comment on "Local Interests, Central Leadership, and the Passage of TRA86"Journal of Policy Analysis and Managementarticle4
2009Using Multi-Member Districts to Decompose the Incumbency AdvantageAmerican Journal of Political Sciencearticle3
2007EQUILIBRIA IN MULTI-DIMENSIONAL, MULTI-PARTY SPATIAL COMPETITION 1article3
2004Redistricting: Case Law and Consequences.University of Pennsylvania Law Reviewarticle3
2019Non-Presidential Primary Electionsbook1
1997The interelection dynamics of campaign finance: US House elections, 1980-94.Legislative Studies Quarterlyarticle1
1992Political Payoffs and the Electoral Advantages of IncumbencyMathematical and Computer Modellingarticle1
1992Comment on “Politics and Procedures in Environmental Law,” by Daniel FarberThe Journal of Law Economics and Organizationarticle1
1984Linearity of the Optimal Income Tax: A GeneralizationCaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology)article1
2011Gov 2473, Political Parties and Interest GroupsAmerican Political Science Reviewarticle
2011Fair and Balanced After All? The Bias of the U.S. Pressarticle
2005Statistical Bias in Newspaper Reporting: The Case of Campaign FinancePublic Opinion Quarterlyarticle
2003Legislative Research ReportsPS Political Science & Politicsarticle
1999Commentary on “Earnings Inequality and Central City Development” by Edwin Mills and “From John Lindsay to Rudy Giuliani: The Decline of the Local Safety Net?”…article
1997Steven D. LevittJournal of Political Economyarticle
1995Reply to “Comment” by Gordon TullockPublic Choicearticle
1995The cost of rent seeking: ReplyPublic Choicearticle
1993Comment on “The Political Economy of TRA 86: Local Interests and Washington Politics,” by Robert InmanJournal of Policy Analysis and Managementarticle